Originally meaning a space that is by definition safe and inviolable, the term currently designates a form of protection that an individual can request from a State while in its territory, when said individual is deprived of fundamental rights and democratic freedoms in his or her country of origin. Therefore, it generally concerns individuals who […]
Relocation procedure
Within the new European Agenda on Migration, migrants seeking protection on arrival in Italy, Greece and Hungary can be relocated across Europe. Basically a selection process available to people in clear need of international protection, belonging to nationalities whose recognition of international protection is equal to or greater than 75%, based on Eurostat data: at […]
CPR – Return Detention Centres
Third-country nationals may be detained at a temporary holding facility whether they do not have a valid permit of stay or received an administrative expulsion order. These centers were originally called CPT (centres for temporary stay) in the Turco-Napolitano Law, then renamed CIE (centres for identification and expulsion) with the Bossi-Fini Law in 2002 and […]
CARA – First Reception Centres for Asylum Seekers
The foreigner who just arrived in Italy without identity documents and is willing to apply for international protection is assigned to the CARA system, where the identification procedures take place and the asylum application is submitted. Asylum seekers should be hosted in these facilities for a duration of maximum 35 days, while waiting for their […]
Hotspot
The European Agenda on Migration of 2015 developed the so-called hotspot approach, which allowed the creation of a number of centres, located on EU external borders, were the registration, identification, fingerprinting and debriefing of asylum seekers take place. These operations should be carried out within 48 hours from the arrival of the asylum seeker (72 […]
Hubs
Within the new Roadmap submitted by the Italian Ministry of Interiors, hubs are conceived as large, regional or interregional centres to be used in the early phases of reception for migrants who have expressed the will to request protection. These facilities will be created by converting former Accommodation Centres for Asylum Seekers (CARAs) and First […]
Humanitarian Protection
Prior to the security decree, the Italian law provided for a residual form of international protection that could be granted for humanitarian reasons to those non-eligible for refugee status nor subsidiary protection. The residence permit for humanitarian reasons was issued by local authorities, the Questura, after consulting the Territorial Commission for the Recognition of International […]
Subsidiary protection
A form of protection that can be granted by the competent Territorial Commission to a person seeking asylum, when the applicant cannot prove that he or she is at risk of personal persecution, but would risk serious injury in the country of origin (death sentence, torture, serious and individual threat to life or person by […]
Dublin III Regulation
Coming into effect on January 1st 2014, the Dublin III Regulation establishes criteria to determine which Member State is responsible for deciding an application for asylum filed by a third-country citizen or a stateless person. The general underlying principle is that any asylum request must be examined by only one Member State. The responsibility to […]
CAS – Emergency reception centres
The CAS system was originally intended as an extraordinary measure to be triggered in case of mass influx and/or when the reception demand is too high for the capacity of the ordinary reception centers due to the high number of arrivals. However, to date, these ‘temporary facilities’ have been commonly used as de facto first […]